PORTFOLIO BASIC 2 GROUP 7- 07- 2

Lady Cuervo - 200520988, Juan Felipe Villegaz - 200710557, Angelica Pineda - 200710327, Leonardo Perdomo - 200520295, Veronica Enriquez - 200520893, Luis Fernando Perdomo - 200410126.

United States of America



The name of this country was proposed by Thomas Paine and was officially first used in the declaration of independence on July 4 of 1776. This country is located in North America. It has 50 estates and one federal district. It also has some independent territories; its capital is Washington D.C. The most important cities are: New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Houston and Phoenix.
United states of America is bordered to the north by Canada and to the south by Mexico. It has 3.79 million square miles and approximately 300 million people; that’s why this country is considerate the third largest country by total area and population.












It is a federal constitutional republic; it is composed of three branches: legislative, executive and judiciary. The president serves a term of four years and may be elected to the office no more than twice. Its actual president is George W. Bush, who is a Republican. There are two important parties: Republican Party and Democratic Party. It has three levels of government, federal, state, and local. The voting age is eighteen.



Its economy is capitally mixed. It is the most powerful economy all around the world. Its Agriculture consist in corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products.
Its monetary unit is the dollar, which had made many changes in the different countries around the world that had adopted this money to be their own one to improve its economy, like Panama, Ecuador and El Salvador.

This country has not an official language, there are two important languages: English and Spanish. There are also many different religions: Protestant, Roman Catholic, Mormon, Jewish, and Muslim; and there are also some people that doesn’t have any religion at all.

In the United States are different places that can be very interesting for the tourists, like:
· The Grand Canyon









































Statue of Liberty












Largest cities (2003 est.): New York, 18,498,000 (metro area), 8,085,742 (city proper); Los Angeles, 12,146,000 (metro area), 3,819,951 (city proper); Chicago, 8,711,000 (metro area), 2,869,121 (city proper); Houston, 2,009,960; Philadelphia, 1,479,339; Phoenix, 1,388,416; San Diego, 1,226,753; San Antonio, 1,214,725; Dallas, 1,208,318; Detroit, 911,402.


Juan Felipe Villegas. Code: 200710557
Lyric song for:

Always:


This romeo is bleeding But you can't see his blood It's nothing but some feelings That this old dog kicked up
It's been raining since you left me Now I'm drowning in the flood You see I've always been a fighter But without you I give up Now I can't sing a love song Like the way it's meant to be Well, I guess I'm not that good anymore But baby, that's just me
And I will love you, baby - Always And I'll be there forever and a day - Always I'll be there till the stars don't shine Till the heavens burst and The words don't rhyme And I know when I die, you'll be on my mind And I'll love you - Always
Now your pictures that you left behind Are just memories of a different life Some that made us laugh, some that made us cry One that made you have to say goodbye What I'd give to run my fingers through your hair To touch your lips, to hold you near When you say your prayers try to understand I've made mistakes, I'm just a man
When he holds you close, when he pulls you near When he says the words you've been needing to hear I'll wish I was him 'cause those words are mine To say to you till the end of time
Yeah, I will love you baby - Always And I'll be there forever and a day - Always
If you told me to cry for you I could If you told me to die for you I would Take a look at my face There's no price I won't pay To say these words to you Well, there ain't no luck In these loaded dice But baby if you give me just one more try We can pack up our old dreams And our old lives We'll find a place where the sun still shines
And I will love you, baby - Always And I'll be there forever and a day - Always I'll be there till the stars don't shine Till the heavens burst and The words don't rhyme And I know when I die, you'll be on my mind And I'll love you - Always


Juan Felipe Villegas. Code: 200710557
Lyric song three:


Read My Mind:


On the corner of main streetJust tryin' to keep it in lineYou say you wanna move on andYou say I'm falling behind
Can you read my mind?Can you read my mind?
I never really gave up onBreakin' out of this two-star townI got the green lightI got a little fightI'm gonna turn this thing around
Can you read my mind?Can you read my mind?
The good old days, the honest man;The restless heart, the Promised LandA subtle kiss that no one sees;A broken wrist and a big trapeze
Oh well I don't mind, you don't mindCause I don't shine if you don't shineBefore you go, can you read my mind?
It’s funny how you just break downWaitin' on some signI pull up to the front of your drivewayWith magic soakin' my spine
Can you read my mind?Can you read my mind?
The teenage queen, the loaded gun;The drop dead dream, the Chosen OneA southern drawl, a world unseen;A city wall and a trampoline
Oh well I don't mind, you don't mindCause I don't shine if you don't shineBefore you goTell me what you find when you read my mind
Slippin’ in my faith until I fallYou never returned that callWoman, open the door, don't let it stingI wanna breathe that fire again
She saidOh well I don't mind, you don't mindCause I don't shine if you don't shine
Put your back on mePut your back on mePut your back on me
The stars are blazing like rebel diamonds cut out of the sunWhen you read my mind


Juan Felipe Villegas. Code: 200701557
Lyric song two:

She Will Be Loved:

She always belonged to someone else
I drove for miles and milesAnd wound up at your doorI've had you so many times but somehowI want more
I don't mind spending everydayOut on your corner in the pouring rainLook for the girl with the broken smileAsk her if she wants to stay awhileAnd she will be lovedShe will be loved
Tap on my window knock on my doorI want to make you feel beautifulI know I tend to get so insecureIt doesn't matter anymore
It's not always rainbows and butterfliesIt's compromise that moves us along, yeahMy heart is full and my door's always openYou can come anytime you want
I don't mind spending everydayOut on your corner in the pouring rainLook for the girl with the broken smileAsk her if she wants to stay awhileAnd she will be lovedAnd she will be lovedAnd she will be lovedAnd she will be loved
I know where you hideAlone in your carKnow all of the things that make you who you areI know that goodbye means nothing at allComes back and begs me to catch her every time she falls
Tap on my window knock on my doorI want to make you feel beautiful
I don't mind spending everydayOut on your corner in the pouring rainLook for the girl with the broken smileAsk her if she wants to stay awhileAnd she will be lovedAnd she will be lovedAnd she will be lovedAnd she will be loved
[in the background]Please don't try so hard to say goodbyePlease don't try so hard to say goodbye
Yeah[softly]I don't mind spending everydayOut on your corner in the pouring rain
Try so hard to say goodbye.


Juan Felipe Villegas Code: 200710557
Biography Eduardo Pimentel Murcia:



Eduardo Pimentel was born in Ubaté (Cundinamarca, Colombia) on September 15 of 1957, he lived there until he was 3 years old and his family moved to Bogotá. He went to school (Gimnasio Moderno) at the age of 5 years, in 1962. Since he was a child, he showed his great abilities playing soccer, in the school he always stood out because of his leadership and his enterprising attitude.

Eduardo graduated from school in 1979 and then he dedicated his time to play professional soccer and to study business administration ay “Los Andes” University. He was professional soccer player for 15 years of his life, time in which he didn’t work as business administrator; instead, he gave all his efforts to soccer. He played in many soccer teams, such as Millonarios, Santa fé, América, Cali and Pereira; he also played in the national soccer team (Selección Colombia). In all the teams he played, he was always one of the best players and he had the opportunity of playing with famous soccer players of the world.

When he retired of soccer, he began to work in business administration, but later he realized that he could have his own company and decided to join together soccer people (partners and players) in order to create a team. This team began playing in youthful divisions, and as it began to win being champion in those tournaments, it had a great growth until it became one of the most important teams in Colombia: “Chicó Fútbol Club”.


Juan Felipe Villegas. Code: 200710557

Lyric Song One

Again:

I've been searching for youI heard a cry within my soulI've never had a yearning quite like this beforeKnow that you are walking right through my door
All of my lifeWhere have you beenI wonder if I'll ever see you againAnd if that day comesI know we could winI wonder if I'll ever see you again
A sacred gift of heavenFor better worse, whereverAnd I would never let somebody break you downUntil you cried, never
All of my lifeWhere have you beenI wonder if I'll ever see you againAnd if that day comesI know we could winI wonder if I'll ever see you again
At every time I've always knownThat you where there, upon your throneA lonely queen without her kingI longed for you, my love forever
All of my lifeWhere have you beenI wonder if I'll ever see you againAnd if that day comesI know we could winI wonder if I'll ever see you again
All of my lifeWhere have you beenI wonder if I'll ever see you againAnd if that day comesI know we could winI wonder if I'll ever see you again
All of my lifeWhere have you beenI wonder if I'll ever see you againAnd if that day comesI know we could winI wonder if I'll ever see you again
I wonder if I'll ever see you againI wonder if I'll ever see you againI wonder if I'll ever see you againI wonder if I'll ever see you again.



Juan Felipe Villegas. Code: 200710557

CARLOS ARDILA LULLE BIOGRAPHY

Carlos Ardilla Lulle Biography


Carlos Ardilla Lulle was born 75 years ago in Bucaramanga, Colombia, and he lived there 15 years. After that, he moved to Medellin and studied civil engineering at “La Escuela de Minas de la Universidad Nacional” in 1950. Starting that moment, he began to work at “Gaseosas Lux” and there, he met his first wife called Maria Eugenia Gaviria, who was the daughter of one of the owners of the company, Mr. Antonio Gaviria. In the fifties, he moved to Bogotá and in 1968 he bought Postobon.

Alter he purchase Postobon, he bought RCN in 1972, Sonolux in 1973, Coltejer in 1978, Los Ingenieros Azucareros in 1979, he started the TV network in 1978, Leona Brewery in 1995, he bought Atletico Nacional soccer team in 1996 and started a private TV Network in 1998, and this are just a few of his most important companies. He had 4 kids, the oldest one called Carlos Julio Ardila Gaviria, who was born in Cali and today has 52 years old, the second one is Antonio Jose who was born in Bogota and has 48 years old, and then, he had to women called Maria Emma and Maria Eugenia.

He is one of the 4 richest people in Colombia, with a fortune that goes over 1000 million dollars. He has investments in the soft drink industry, fabric and communications. He owns over 80 companies and he generates over 40000 employments. His organization is the first one in the world that produces individual sugar. He has the 60% of the soft drink industry in Colombia and he also participates in the glass container industry.

He has won different medals and very important awards in the county, such as “La orden de Boyaca” and “Empresario del Siglo XX”, very important award granted by different deans from different Businesses faculties from Colombia. Because all of this different reasons, I think he is a role model and his life is full of new things and challenges everyday.

Leonardo Perdomo
200520295

Present Perfect Simple

FORM : HAS/ HAVE + PAST PARTCIPLE.

I/YOU/WE/THEY HAVE/HAVEN'T WON A
SHE/HE/IT HAS/HASN'T PRIZE


HAVE I/YOU/WE/THEY
EVER HEARD
HAS HE/SHE/IT EVER THIS SONG ?


YES, I HAVE./NO, I HAVEN'T.
YES, HE HAS./NO, HE HASN'T.


Use the present perfect simple to talk about an action or experience in the general
past-the specific time is not important or is not know.

!Don't use the present perfect simple with past time expressions,e.g. last night, two
weeks ago.
Use the past simple to talk about an action or experience at a specific time in the past

A:I've visited eleven countries in my life.
B:Have you ever been to the far East?
C:Yes, I have. I went to Thailand in 2001.

Leonardo Perdomo Uribe Cod: 200520295

1 Review and practice Page 14

1 Review and practice Page 14

1. Each sentence has one word missing.Write the missing word in the correct place.

1 i'm quite on watching football.
i'm quite keen on watching football.

2 i stand science fiction films.
i hate stand science fiction films.

3 i like sending text messages.
i really like sending messages.

4 i really the winter.
i really hate the winter.

5 i quite pizza.
i quite like pizza.

6 i absolutely going to the beach.
i absolutely love going to the beach.

7 i mind getting up early.
i don't mind getting up early.

8 i not very keen on dancing.
i'm not very keen on dancing.

2. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the present simple.

A:do qou get up early.
B:yes, i do.in the weekend i get upat about 6 :30.

A:what time do you start to work?
B:at about 9:00. i go to bed early too.

A:do you go to bed before ten o'clock.
B:no, i don't, but i fall asleep in front of the TV most nights.

A:do you have a snak before you go to bed ?
B:no, i don'ti have dinner late every evening.

A:my brother is a really good swimmer.
B:does he swim a lot ?
A:yes, he does. he gets up very early and swim for two hours before breakfast.
then he goes back to the swimming pool after work.
B:does he go out with his friends much ?
A:only at weekends. he doesn't go out in th week at all.

3. Complete the dialogues using one of the verbs below in the Present Continuous.

A:what are you doing at the moment ?
B:i am sitting on a bus with some friends.

A:what about you?
B:i am having lunch with my family.

A:is jack watching TV?
B:no, he isn't. he is checking his emails.

A:Does you and jhon any exercise at the moment ?
B:yes, lots! we are walking to work and we are noy getting take-away pizzas at the moment.

4. Choose the correct alternatives.

1 i usually go to work by car.
2 it doesn't rain much in the summer here.
3 you are working very hard today.
4 do you prefer tea or coffe ?
5 i'm staying at the Savoy hotel in London for a week.
6 who's that woman? what does she want ?

5. Complete the questions with the correct verb.

1 how often do you go clubbing?
2 do you need an alarm clock to wake up in the morning?
3 do you have a snack before you go to bed ?
4 do you usually listen to the radio at work?
5 where do you usually do your homework?
6 do you find it easy to fall asleep?
7 how often do you catch a bus to work ?
8 how often do you chat on the phone to your best friend?

Leonardo Perdomo Uribe Cod: 200520295

GRAMMAR

Going To (future plans)

use going to to talk about something you intend or plan to do (you have already decided to do it)

positive sentences
I am going to ...
He/She/It is going to...
We/You/They are going to...

negative sentences
I am not going to ...
He/She/It is not going to...
We/You/They are not going to...

question sentences
Am I to ... ?
Is He/She/It going to...?
Are We/You/They going to...?

Answer sentences
Yes, I am. /No, I'm Not.

María Angélica Pineda Flórez
200710327

JUAN JOSÉ ECHAVARRÍA SOTO BIOGRAPHY

He was born in Medellin, on December 16, 1951. He’s engineer and economist. He studied Engineering at the School of Mines; In 1973, he takes one's degree in Administrative engineering, in National University of Colombia, in Medellin. In 1976, he finished his master in economics at Harvard and Boston University. Finally, in 1994, he was a doctorate in economy at University of Oxford St Antony's College, in Great Britain, with the degree: External shocks and industrialization: Colombia 1920-1950.

He was Executive Director of Fedesarrollo, The principal group of experts in Colombia, among 1998 and 2003. He served as Plenipotentiary Minister of Colombia to the Organization of the American States (OAS), during the years 1994 and 1996. Later he was counselor to the Commercial Division of the OAS, between 1997- 1998.

He has been a professor in different universities. At National University of Colombia, he was a Visiting professor of Advanced Macroeconomics and International Trade in 1989 - 1993. At Externado University of Colombia, he was Regular professor in the Department of Economy, in 1983. At University of Andes, he was Visiting Professor in the faculty of Economy, among 1977 and 2000. At University Of Oxford St Antony's College he was Class Professor between 1981 and 1982.

He has been appointed by President Pastrana to the Board of Directors of the National University of Colombia. As the Director of Economic Investigation in the National Federation of farmers of Coffee he directed the National Census of the Industry of Coffee in 1989-1992.

Juan José Echavarría has written broadly about subjects related with the industrialization process of Colombia, economic integration, macroeconomics and international trade. He taught Macroeconomics, Econometrics and International Trade at Oxford University, University of los Andes, National University of Colombia, Externado de Colombia and Javeriana University.

Finally I think that Juan José Echavarría Soto is an amazing man because he has made many studies in different universities and in different parts of the world. He has also worked in different ways: he has been a professor, he has worked in OAS, he has also worked in The National Federation of Coffee and at the moment he was named by the president Alvaro Uribe like co-director of the Bank of the Republic.

Then for all the achievements that Juan José has had, I believe that he’s an exemplary man because during their life he has made a great quantity of things and I imagined me that he has realized most of his dreams.

María Angélica Pineda Flórez

200710327

Exercises pag. 34

Answer the questions below with going to and the word in brackets.


Have you finished the report? (Tomorrow)

No, I’m going to finish it tomorrow.

1. Have you had something to eat? ( later)

No I’m going to eat later.

2. Have you taken the dog for a walk? ( after dinner )

No, I’m going to take the dog for a walk after dinner.

3. Have you bought Mary a birthday present? ( at the weekend )

No, I’m going to buy Mary a birthday present at the weekend.

4. Have you painted the spare bedroom? ( on Tuesday)

No, I’m going to paint the spare bedroom on Tuesday.

5. Have you cleaned the bathroom? ( in the morning)

No, I’m going to clean the bathroom in the morning.

  1. Make questions with going to for each situation.

Your friend tells you that she is going into town.

What are you going to buy?

1. Your friend has said he definitely wants to give up smoking.

When are you going to give up smoking?

2. Peter tells you that it’s Jane’s birthday next week.

Are you going to give her present?

3. Your friend has bought a painting

Where are you going to put it?

4. You see a friend filling a bucket with hot water.

Are you going to wash the car?

  1. Make one sentence from two. Use who, which or where. ( You may sometimes need to leave out a word.)

This is the car. I would like to buy it.

This is the car which I would like to buy.

  1. A waiter brought us our food. He was very friendly.

The waiter who brought us our food was very friendly.

  1. This is a restaurant. John asked me to marry him here.

This is the restaurant where John asked me to married him.

  1. A train goes to the airport. It runs every twenty minutes.

The train which goes to the airport runs every 20 minutes.

  1. Some men robbed the post office. They escaped in a black BMW.

The men who robbed the post office escaped in a black BMW.

  1. This is the corner of the road. The accident happened here.

This is the corner of the road where the accident happened.

  1. Find and correct four Present Continuous mistakes in this conversation.

A: Hi Tim! What are you doing this evening?

B: Not a lot. Actually, I’m probably having a quiet evening at home alone.

A: Why don’t you come round to my house?

I am inviting a few friends over for dinner.

B: I’m not sure. I’m quite tired.

A: How about tomorrow night?

B: I’m going to see a film with my brother. Why don’t you come too?

A: Great! I’d love to.

6. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete the sentences.

.

Tasty, vegetarian disgusting recipe

Cooker low marks work abroad chef

Smells

Yuk! This food is absolutely disgusting.

1 We’ve just bought a new electric cooked

2 Who is the new chef at that restaurant?

3 I want to be a vegetarian but I like meat too much

4 I’d love work abroad – perhaps in New York.

5 That meal gets low marks from me. It was horrible!

6 That looks very tasty. Can I have some?

7 It smells great. How does it taste?

8 I’m cooking for Ruth tonight. Do you know a recipe for chicken and spinach?



María Angélica Pineda Flórez

cod. 200710327

ESTADOS UNIDOS DE MEXICO

ESTADOS UNIDOS DE MEXICO




Leonardo Perdomo Uribe Cod: 200520295



















National Name : Estados Unidos Mexicanos.
President: Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (2006 – 2012)
Total Area: 1.984.375 km2
Population (2005) : 103,263,388
Birth Rate:
Infant Mortality Rate:
Life Expectancy:
Capital and largest city : Mexico D.F 8.720.916 hab.
Monetary Unit : Peso Mexicano
Languajes : Spanish and 62 differents indians lenguajes.
Race: White (mostly Spanish and North Americans)
Religions: Catholics 95 %, Jewish 2%, Protestants 1%, other 1%.
Literacy rate: (90.8% est 2005)








Economic summary: ( 2003 est)
Unemployment: 3.3 %
Agriculture: sugar, rice,beens,cotton.
Industries: paper, iron industries, lether industries.
Natural resources: oil, corn, wood, coffe, cows, iron.
Exports: tequila, pepper.
Imports: fruits and some meets.













Geography:
The first in Central America in size and population, is one of the biggest countries in America , Mexico is bordered on the north with United States of America, on the southeast with Guatemala y Belice.
Mexico is ruled by Madre Oriental and Madre Occidental mountains.






Comunications:

Radio broadcast stations: 152 radio station
Television broadcast stations: 51 television station



HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION IN MEXICO

JOURNALISM

It starts around 1500 with flyers that were distributed all over town. In the XVII century, the newspapers as they are shown now-a-days show up. The purpose of the first newspapers was to purely inform people what was happening at the moment. After Independence Day, politics start to show up and it creates a difficult ambiance on people and cities. Topics such as arts, industry, commerce, vogue, literature, theatres and others start to show up after that as well. In 1990, 30% of Mexican population knew how to read and newspapers were born, such as El Pais, La Nacion and El Imparcial. Later, El Universal and El Excelsior were born as well. At this moment, the news start to take an important part of society and printers, journalist, editors and reporters among others were born.

RADIO

The first time the radio was used was in 1921, in Mexico City. The type of shows that were hit at the time was musical displays. The intention of the network was to entertain the listeners and show the national talent. Some soap operas were a hit as well. And last, but not least, the news started to take off. Later on, the main intention with radio was to sell and advertise. Radio is not very big on news and social problems that happen in Mexico. They prefer to show entertainment.

TELEVISION

The beginning of television broadcast in Mexico was to gain status. It didn’t matter to families if they were able to afford it or not, they were just ready to pay the price and get rid of other services in order to get a TV. There were even some people that didn’t have the TV receptors, but had the antennas on their roof in order to show that they had something that they didn’t. In the beginning of 1900, color TV started to show up and networks were created, with specific subjects for specific audiences. The networks were divided and started to get more specific with the topics they were showing to their target audiences, so they could become the best on their specific areas.




Leonardo Perdomo Uribe Cod: 200520295












SPAIN

Country: Spain is located in the Western of Europe.
Capital: Madrid

Population: 45116894 Km2

Language: Spain has the Spanish how the principal language, but is important that in some territories the Spanish according to the respective Statutes change like Catalan (community of Valencia) and Galician.

The principal religion is the catholic (76% of the population), whatever, there are some other religions like the protestant people, Spain has 50.000 members and muslims are the other religions that has 1 million members in Spain thanks to the immigration of Spain Morocco and Sahara Occidental.

Politics: Spain is a constitutional monarchy, the chief of the state is king Juan Carlos I since November 22, 1975. The head of government , president of Spain is José Luis Rodríguez.
Culture: the sport in Spain has been traditionally by football, cycling and bullfighting. The great touristic attraction of the country has caused an improvement of the sports infrastructure, especially for water sports, golf and skiing.


Luis Fernando Perdomo 200410126

trabajo de brazil

VERONICA ENRIQUEZ CUJAR
CD. 200520893

Brazil
















With its expansive territory, Brazil occupies most of the eastern part of the South American continent and its geographic heartland, as well as various islands in the Atlantic Ocean. .On Brazil's east coast, the Atlantic coastline extends 7,367 kilometers. In the west, in clockwise order from the south, Brazil has 15,719 kilometers of borders with Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana (see table 2, Appendix). The only South American countries with which Brazil does not share borders are Chile and Ecuador. A few short sections are in question, but there are no major boundary controversies with any of the neighboring countries.In contrast to the Andes, which rose to elevations of nearly 7,000 meters in a relatively recent epoch and inverted the Amazon's direction of flow from westward to eastward, Brazil's geological formation is very old. The Serra do Mar Range hugs the Atlantic coast, and the Serra do Espinhaço Range, the largest in area, extends through the south-central part of the country (see fig. 3). The highest mountains are in the Tumucumaque, Pacaraima, and Imeri ranges, among others, which traverse the northern border with the Guianas and Venezuela.In addition to mountain ranges (about 0.5 percent of the country is above 1,200 meters), Brazil's Central Highlands include a vast central plateau (Planalto Central). The plateau's uneven terrain has an average elevation of 1,000 meters. The rest of the territory is made up primarily of sedimentary basins, the largest of which is drained by the Amazon and its tributaries. Brazil has one of the world's most extensive river systems, with eight major drainage basins, all of which drain into the Atlantic Ocean. Two of these basins--the Amazon and Tocantins-Araguaia--account for more than half the total drainage area. The largest river system in Brazil is the Amazon, which originates in the Andes and receives tributaries from a basin that covers 45.7 percent of the country, principally the north and west. The main Amazon river system is the Amazonas-Solimões-Ucayali axis (the 6,762 kilometer-long Ucayali is a Peruvian tributary), flowing from west to east. Through the Amazon Basin flows one-fifth of the world's fresh water. A total of 3,615 kilometers of the Amazon are in Brazilian territory. Over this distance, the waters decline only about 100 meters. The major tributaries on the southern side are, from west to east, the Javari, Juruá, Purus (all three of which flow into the western section of the Amazon called the Solimões), Madeira, Tapajós, Xingu, and Tocantins. The major river system in the Northeast is the São Francisco, which flows 1,609 kilometers northeast from the south-central region. Its basin covers 7.6 percent of the national territory. Only 277 kilometers of the lower river are navigable for oceangoing ships. The Paraná system covers 14.5 percent of the country. The Paraná flows south into the Río de la Plata Basin, reaching the Atlantic between Argentina and Uruguay. The headwaters of the Paraguai, the Paraná's major eastern tributary, constitute the Pantanal, the largest contiguous wetlands in the world, covering as much as 230,000 square kilometers.Below their descent from the highlands, many of the tributaries of the Amazon are navigable. Upstream, they generally have rapids or waterfalls, and boats and barges also must face sandbars, trees, and other obstacles. Nevertheless, the Amazon is navigable by oceangoing vessels as far as 3,885 kilometers upstream, reaching Iquitos in Peru. The Amazon river system was the principal means of access until new roads became more important in the 1970s. The São Francisco was also used for transportation in the past. Dams and locks in the Paraná system have made it an important artery for interstate and international trade in the 1990s.Climate: Although 90 percent of the country is within the tropical zone, the climate of Brazil varies considerably from the mostly tropical North (the equator traverses the mouth of the Amazon) to temperate zones below the Tropic of Capricorn (23°27' S latitude), which crosses the country at the latitude of the city of São Paulo. Brazil has five climatic regions--equatorial, tropical, semiarid, highland tropical, and subtropical.Temperatures along the equator are high, averaging above 25°C, but not reaching the summer extremes of up to 40°C in the temperate zones. There is little seasonal variation near the equator, although at times it can get cool enough for wearing a jacket, especially in the rain. At the country's other extreme, there are frosts south of the Tropic of Capricorn during the winter (June-August), and in some years there is snow in the mountainous areas, such as Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Temperatures in the cities of São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, and Brasília are moderate (usually between 15°C and 30°C), despite their relatively low latitude, because of their elevation of approximately 1,000 meters. Rio de Janeiro, Recife, and Salvador on the coast have warm climates, with average temperatures ranging from 23°C to 27°C, but enjoy constant trade winds. The southern cities of Porto Alegre and Curitiba have a subtropical climate similar to that in parts of the United States and Europe, and temperatures can fall below freezing in winter.Precipitation levels vary widely. Most of Brazil has moderate rainfall of between 1,000 and 1,500 millimeters a year, with most of the rain falling in the summer (between December and April) south of the Equator. The Amazon region is notoriously humid, with rainfall generally more than 2,000 millimeters per year and reaching as high as 3,000 millimeters in parts of the western Amazon and near Belém. It is less widely known that, despite high annual precipitation, the Amazon rain forest has a three- to five-month dry season, the timing of which varies according to location north or south of the equator.












Climate: Although 90 percent of the country is within the tropical zone, the climate of Brazil varies considerably from the mostly tropical North (the equator traverses the mouth of the Amazon) to temperate zones below the Tropic of Capricorn (23°27' S latitude), which crosses the country at the latitude of the city of São Paulo. Brazil has five climatic regions--equatorial, tropical, semiarid, highland tropical, and subtropical.Temperatures along the equator are high, averaging above 25°C, but not reaching the summer extremes of up to 40°C in the temperate zones. There is little seasonal variation near the equator, although at times it can get cool enough for wearing a jacket, especially in the rain. At the country's other extreme, there are frosts south of the Tropic of Capricorn during the winter (June-August), and in some years there is snow in the mountainous areas, such as Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Temperatures in the cities of São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, and Brasília are moderate (usually between 15°C and 30°C), despite their relatively low latitude, because of their elevation of approximately 1,000 meters. Rio de Janeiro, Recife, and Salvador on the coast have warm climates, with average temperatures ranging from 23°C to 27°C, but enjoy constant trade winds. The southern cities of Porto Alegre and Curitiba have a subtropical climate similar to that in parts of the United States and Europe, and temperatures can fall below freezing in winter.Precipitation levels vary widely. Most of Brazil has moderate rainfall of between 1,000 and 1,500 millimeters a year, with most of the rain falling in the summer (between December and April) south of the Equator. The Amazon region is notoriously humid, with rainfall generally more than 2,000 millimeters per year and reaching as high as 3,000 millimeters in parts of the western Amazon and near Belém. It is less widely known that, despite high annual precipitation, the Amazon rain forest has a three- to five-month dry season, the timing of which varies according to location north or south of the equator.

wales


Wales is one country of the United Kingdom (U.K.), their capital is Cardiff and the official language is Welsh, English.

Total Area: 20.779 km²

Population: 2.906.500

Monetary unit: British pound sterling (£)

Religions: Calvinistic Methodist, Church of Wales (disestablished—Anglican), Roman Catholic.



Geography:

Wales is located to the west of England, and it is separated from England for the mountains Cambrian.

Their limits are: to the northwest, west and south with the Irish sea and to the northeast and east with England.

Wales is generally mountainous and the highest crest that has is the mountain Snowdon (3,560 feet, 1,085 m).



GOVERNMENT: constitucional monarchy

- Queen (of the UK) Queen Elizabeth II

- Prime Minister (of the UK)Gordon Brown MP

- First Minister (of Wales)Rhodri Morgan AM

- Secretary of State (In the UK government) Peter Hain MP

Until 1999, Wales was governed by the government of UNITED KINGDOM and a state secretary. In the referendum of 1997, the Welsh citizens voted to establish a national assembly and they settled down that Wales will continue being part of the UNITED KINGDOM and the state secretary for Wales and parliament's of the districts electoral Welsh members it will continue having the seats in parliament. However, Wales wants, control most of its local matters. That which, July 1 1999 were officialised.

Economy:

Parts of Wales have been a lot industrialised since the 18th century. By the second half of the 19th century, metallurgy had come to dominate the Welsh economy, transforming the landscape and society in the industrial districts of south and north-east Wales.

The modern Welsh economy is dominated by the service sector. In 2000, services contributed 66%, the manufacturing sector contributed 32%, whilst agriculture, forestry and fishing contributed 1.5%.

Culture:

The most popular sports in Wales are football and Rugby union football; and the football is the preferred sport in north Wales.

In the Welsh cuisine the traditional plate is the lamb meat, because Wales is recognized to raise sheep.

The principal Welsh festival of music and poetry is the National Eisteddfod. This takes place annually in a different town or city.



María Angélica Pineda Flórez, 200710327






Venezuela:


Location:


Located at the northernmost end of South America, Venezuela has a total area of 912,050 square kilometers and a land area of 882,050 square kilometers, about twice the size of California. Shaped roughly like an inverted triangle, the country has a 2,800-kilometer coastline and is bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the east by Guyana, on the south by Brazil, and on the west by Colombia.

Population (2007 est.): 26,084,662 (growth rate: 1.4%); birth rate: 18.5/1000; infant mortality rate: 20.9/1000; life expectancy: 74.8; density per sq mile: 77
Capital (2003 est.): Caracas, 3,517,300 (metro. area), 1,741,400 (city proper)
Largest cities: Maracaibo, 1,889,000 (metro. area), 1,854,300 (city proper); Valencia, 1,515,400; Barquisimeto, 948,900
Monetary unit: Bolivar
Languages: Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
Ethnicity/race: Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people
Religions: Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%
Literacy rate: 93% (2003 est.)
Climate:

The country falls into four horizontal temperature zones based primarily on elevation. In the tropical zone--below 800 meters--temperatures are hot, with yearly averages ranging between 26° C and 28° C. The temperate zone ranges between 800 and 2,000 meters with averages from 12° C to 25° C; many of Venezuela's cities, including the capital, lie in this region. Colder conditions with temperatures from 9° C to 11° C are found in the cool zone between 2,000 and 3,000 meters. Pastureland and permanent snowfield with yearly averages below 8° C cover land above 3,000 in the high mountain areas known as the páramos.



Government:

Federal republic.






Juan Felipe Villegas, Code: 200710557

¡¡HEART OF ENGLAND!!

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SONG -

"There You'll Be"

When I think back On these times
And the dreamsWe left behind
I'll be glad 'cause I was blessed to get To have you in my life
When I look back On these days I'll look and see your face
You were right there for me
[Chorus:]
In my dreams I'll always see you soar Above the sky
In my heart There will always be a place For you for all my life
I'll keep a part Of you with me
And everywhere I am There you'll be
And everywhere I am There you'll be

Well you showed me How it feels
To feel the sky Within my reach
And I always Will remember all The strength you Gave to me
Your love made me Make it through Oh, I owe so much to you
You were right there for me
[Repeat chorus]...

Cause I always saw in you My light, my strength
And I want to thank you Now for all the ways
You were right there for me
You were right there for me
For always
[Chorus:]
In my dreams I'll always see you soar Above the sky
In my heart There will always be a place For you for all my life
I'll keep a part Of you with me
And everywhere I am There you'll be
And everywhere I am There you'll be
There you'll be

http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/faithhill/thereyoullbe.html

There you'll be

Abril lavigne